BRIEF REPORT
Ahead of print publication

Skull-base temporal encephalocele: Hidden cause of temporal lobe epilepsy

Correspondence Address:
A Chheda,
Department of Neurology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_354_22

PMID: 37555423

In the present study patients with previously diagnosed MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on long-term video electroencephalography (VEEG) monitoring were re-evaluated with high resolution 3T MRI brain to look out for a skull base temporal lobe encephalocoele (TE). A total of 234 VEEGs were analyzed. TLE had been diagnosed in 104 patients based on semiology, ictal, interictal EEG data, and brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Of these, 99 patients had temporal lobe abnormality (78 had mesial temporal sclerosis, 8 had tumor, 3 had focal cortical dysplasia, and 10 had mixed pathology). Out of the five 1.5T MRI-negative TLE patients, two patients were diagnosed with TE on subsequent 3T MRI brain scans and one patient underwent electrocorticography-guided tailored resection for complete removal of epileptogenic tissue; with Engels class I seizure freedom at one year follow-up. We propose that TE should be carefully searched for, as a cause of refractory TLE, using high-resolution MRI sequences.

Keywords: Encephalocele, MRI negative, refractory seizure