| Article Access Statistics | | | Viewed | 6473 | | | Printed | 184 | | | Emailed | 1 | | | PDF Downloaded | 259 | | | Comments | [Add] | | | Cited by others | 14 | | |
|
Click on image for details.
|
|
| LETTERS |
|
|
|
| Year : 2007 | Volume
: 53
| Issue : 2 | Page : 146-148 |
Prenatal diagnosis of a case of pentalogy of Cantrell with spina bifida
C Dane, B Dane, M Yayla, A Cetin
Department of Perinatology, Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence Address:
C Dane
Department of Perinatology, Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul
Turkey
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.32223
How to cite this article:
Dane C, Dane B, Yayla M, Cetin A. Prenatal diagnosis of a case of pentalogy of Cantrell with spina bifida. J Postgrad Med 2007;53:146-8 |
Sir,
In 1958, Cantrell described a syndrome in which a ventral diaphragmatic hernia occurred in association with omphalocele.[1] This rare syndrome is now called the pentalogy of Cantrell and it consists of the following five anomalies: a deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, a defect in the diaphragmatic pericardium, various congenital intracardiac abnormalities and a defect of the lower sternum. We report a case of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with thoraco-lumbar spina bifida, hydrocephalus and lemon sign diagnosed prenatal in the second trimester, a finding not previously recorded in the literature.
An 18-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0), presented for routine ultrasound examination at 20 weeks gestation. Detailed ultrasonography demonstrated omphalocele with abdominal visceral eventration (liver, stomach and intestines), ectopia cordis and hydrocephalus (lemon sign), thoraco-lumbar spina bifida with a femur length corresponding to the menstrual age. An anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect was seen with the contents herniating into the amniotic cavity covered by a thin sac. The fetal heart was seen over the omphalocele and clearly out of the thorax [Figure - 1],[Figure - 2]. On the basis of the sonographic findings, we diagnosed the pentalogy of Cantrell with thoraco-lumbar-rachischisis. After we discussed the diagnosis with the parents, the pregnancy was terminated. There was an upper abdominal omphalocele defect with covering membranes getting ruptured during extraction at labor, due to which the liver and intestines were seen protruding out [Figure - 3].
The incidence of this syndrome is less than 1 in 100 000, with a 2:1 male predominance.[2]
Based on a review of 61 cases of Cantrell's pentalogy, Toyama suggested the following classification for the syndrome: Class 1, certain diagnosis, with all five defects present; Class 2, probable diagnosis, with four defects (including intracardiac and ventral abdominal wall abnormalities) present; and Class 3, incomplete, with various combinations of defects present (but always including a sternal abnormality).[3] A ventricular septal defect was not observed in our case, although Cantrell noted that congenital intracardiac anomalies are constant elements of the pentalogy, with ventricular septal defects seen in every case (100%), atrial septal defects in 53%, pulmonary stenosis in 33%, tetralogy of Fallot in 20% and left ventricular diverticulum in 20%. Only seven of the 60 reported cases of Cantrell's pentalogy involved the central nervous system and craniofacial malformations, which included anencephaly, meningocele, cephalocele, hydrocephaly and exencephaly.[4],[5] To our knowledge, Cantrell's pentalogy with thoraco-lumbar spina bifida, hydrocephaly and lemon sign was not previously reported in this association. Our case is a variant form of the classic pentalogy of Cantrell and extends the spectrum of Toyama's classification, particularly Class 3. Termination of pregnancy can be offered before viability. After viability, a periodic ultrasonographic evaluation of the lesions, fetal growth and delivery in a tertiary center is recommended.
| :: References | |  |
| 1. | Cantrell JR, Haller JA, Ravith MM. A syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium and heart. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1958;107:602-14.  |
| 2. | Thamboo TP, Chan NH. Pentalogy of Cantrell with a double-outlet left ventricle. Pathology 2005;37:87-9. [PUBMED] |
| 3. | Toyama WM. Combined congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium and heart: A case report and review of the syndrome. Pediatrics 1972;50:778-92. [PUBMED] |
| 4. | Polat I, Gul A, Aslan H, Cebeci A, Ozseker B, Caglar B, et al . Prenatal diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell in three cases, two with craniorachischisis. J Clin Ultrasound 2005;33:308-11. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 5. | Denath FM, Romano W, Solcz M, Donnelly D. Ultrasonographic findings of exencephaly in pentalogy of Cantrell: Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Ultrasound 1994;22:351-4. [PUBMED] |
[Figure - 1], [Figure - 2], [Figure - 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Early diagnosis of Cantrell’s Pentalogy in a newborn baby |
|
| Nataliya A. Kharitonova, Milana A. Basargina, Khadizhat S. Evloeva | | Russian Pediatric Journal. 2020; 23(3): 204 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Class II pentalogy of Cantrell |
|
| Helga Naburi,Evelyne Assenga,Sonal Patel,Augustine Massawe,Karim Manji | | BMC Research Notes. 2015; 8(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
spectrum of cantrellæs pentalogy: case series from a single tertiary care center and review of the literature |
|
| mallula, k.k. and sosnowski, c. and awad, s. | | pediatric cardiology. 2013; 34(7): 1703-1710 | | [Pubmed] | | | 4 |
utility of first trimester ultrasound on prenatal diagnosis of cantrellæs pentalogy: a case report [utilidad de la ecografía del primer trimestre en el diagnóstico de la pentalogía de cantrell: a propósito de un caso] |
|
| perales puchalt, a. and vila-vives, j.m. and subirá nadal, j. and baamonde vidarte, a. and perales marín, a. | | clinica e investigacion en ginecologia y obstetricia. 2013; 40(4): 183-185 | | [Pubmed] | | | 5 |
Spectrum of Cantrell’s Pentalogy: Case Series From a Single Tertiary Care Center and Review of the Literature |
|
| Kiran K. Mallula,Cyndi Sosnowski,Sawsan Awad | | Pediatric Cardiology. 2013; 34(7): 1703 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Utilidad de la ecografía del primer trimestre en el diagnóstico de la pentalogía de Cantrell: a propósito de un caso |
|
| A. Perales Puchalt,J.M. Vila-Vives,J. Subirá Nadal,A. Baamonde Vidarte,A. Perales Marín | | Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia. 2013; 40(4): 183 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Craniorachischisis With A Variant Of Pentalogy Of Cantrell, With Lung Extrophy |
|
| Alev Atis, Gokhan Demirayak, Burcu Saglam, Figen Aksoy, Cihat Sen | | Fetal and Pediatric Pathology. 2011; 30(6): 431 | | [VIEW] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Cantrell-pentalógia: a praenatalis felismerés lehetőségei hat saját eset kapcsán |
|
| Barbara Pete, Júlia Hajdú, Ágnes Harmath, Zsolt Csapó, Csaba Papp, Zsanett Szigeti, János Rigó jr. | | Orvosi Hetilap. 2009; 150(45): 2068-2073 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
pentalogy of cantrell: six new cases [cantrell-pentalógia: a praenatalis felismerés lehetoségei hat saját eset kapcsán] |
|
| pete, b. and hajdú, j. and harmath, á. and csapó, z. and papp, c. and szigeti, z. and rigó jr., j. | | orvosi hetilap. 2009; 150(45): 2068-2073 | | [Pubmed] | | | 10 |
Pentalogy of Cantrell: Update and new perspectives | [Pentalogia de Cantrell: Actualization y nuevas perspectives: Pentalogy of Cantrell: Update and new perspectives] |
|
| Gonzalez, M.A.H., Bautista, S.L., Ortiz, B.O.M., Solorio, S. | | Salud (i) Ciencia. 2009; 16(6): 635-639 | | [Pubmed] | | | 11 |
Concomitant exencephaly and limb defects associated with pentalogy of cantrell |
|
| Chen, C.-P., Tzen, C.-Y., Chen, C.-Y., Tsai, F.-J., Wang, W. | | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008; 47(4): 476-477 | | [Pubmed] | | | 12 |
Syndromes, disorders and maternal risk factors associated with neural tube defects (III) |
|
| Chen, C.-P. | | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008; 47(2): 131-140 | | [Pubmed] | | | 13 |
Syndromes, Disorders and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Neural Tube Defects (III) |
|
| Chih-Ping Chen | | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008; 47(2): 131 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Concomitant Exencephaly and Limb Defects Associated with Pentalogy of Cantrell |
|
| Chih-Ping Chen,Chin-Yuan Tzen,Chen-Yu Chen,Fuu-Jen Tsai,Wayseen Wang | | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008; 47(4): 476 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
